Table 3 Pfizer solvent replacement table [48]
From: Tools and techniques for solvent selection: green solvent selection guides
Solvent | Issues | Alternatives |
|---|---|---|
Pentane | Lower flash point than other similar solvents | Heptane |
Diethyl ether | Lower flash point than other similar solvents | 2-MeTHF, TBME |
Diisopropyl ether | Powerful peroxide formation compared to similar solvents | 2-MeTHF, TBME |
Hexane(s) | More toxic than other similar solvents | Heptane |
Benzene | Carcinogen | Toluene |
Chloroform | Carcinogen | DCM |
1,2-DCE | Carcinogen | DCM |
1,2-DME | Carcinogen | 2-MeTHF, TBME |
Pyridine | Carcinogenicity (not classifiable) | Triethylamine (base) |
1,4-Dioxane | Carcinogenicity (not classifiable) | 2-MeTHF, TBME |
DCM | Emissions | Application dependant |
Carbon tetrachloride | Emissions | DCM |
DMF | Reproductive toxicity | Acetonitrile |
DMAc | Reproductive toxicity | Acetonitrile |
NMP | Reproductive toxicity | Acetonitrile |