Table 4 The feedstock and pretreatment conditions used for the production of the two biorefinery LSs along with LS and ethanol yields
From: Biorefinery lignosulfonates as a dispersant for coal water slurry
Na-LS [31] | Ca-LS [32] | |
|---|---|---|
Feedstock | Lodgepole pine wood | Douglas-fir forest residue |
Pretreatment conditions | ||
T and time | 165 °C for 60 min | 145 °C for 4 h |
Chemical loadings on wood | 2.2 wt% H2SO4 | 2.4 wt% free SO2 |
8.0 wt% NaHSO3 | 6.5 wt% Ca(HSO3)2 | |
Liquor to wood ratio | 3.00 | 3.55 |
Fermentation total solids | 20.0 wt% | 16.7 wt% |
Ethanol yield and titer | 288 (L/tonne); 52.2 g/L | 284 (L/tonne); 41.9 g/L |
LS yield | 68 kg/tonne | 130 kg/tonne |