Table 3 Mutagenicity Index (MI) and Mutagenic Activity Ratio (MAR) with the TA98 test strains of S. typhimurium at 5μL/plate both with and without S9 metabolic activation for all PILs and selected precursors in this study

–

S9

–

S9

[DMEtA][OAc]

0.95 ± 0.22

0.84 ± 0.43

−0.03 ± 0.008

−0.44 ± 0.144

[DMEtA][Pr]

0.59 ± 0.15

0.27 ± 0.17

−0.53 ± 0.094

−1.64 ± 1.126

[DMEtA][Hex]

0.23 ± 0.18

1.10 ± 0.26

−0.28 ± 0.193

0.06 ± 0.009

[DMEtA][Oct]

–

–

–

–

[DMEtA][Gly]

1.64 ± 0.15

0.52 ± 0.29

1.00 ± 0.149

−0.89 ± 0.181

[DMEtA][Succ]

0.82 ± 0.14

6.33 ± 2.50

−0.78 ± 0.084

1.78 ± 1.267

[DMEtA][Cl]

2.10 ± 0.26

0.56 ± 0.36

2.83 ± 0.237

−0.22 ± 0.151

[EMEtA][OAc]

0.95 ± 0.30

1.40 ± 0.46

−0.02 ± 0.004

0.33 ± 0.047

[DEEtA][OAc]

2.03 ± 0.08

3.05 ± 0.42

0.55 ± 0.015

2.39 ± 0.466

[BDEtA][OAc]

0.83 ± 0.21

1.00 ± 0.20

−0.18 ± 0.032

0.00 ± 0.000

[MDEOMA][OAc]

2.69 ± 0.87

0.63 ± 0.37

0.45 ± 0.161

−0.17 ± 0.084

[MEtA][OAc]

0.36 ± 0.39

0.90 ± 0.72

−0.15 ± 0.052

−0.06 ± 0.035

[DEtA][OAc]

0.88 ± 0.53

1.36 ± 0.62

−0.03 ± 0.010

0.22 ± 0.132

[DEtA][Cl]

1.00 ± 0.25

0.70 ± 0.69

0.00 ± 0.000

−0.17 ± 0.112

[DEOMA][OAc]

1.11 ± 0.35

1.30 ± 0.32

0.07 ± 0.031

0.50 ± 0.176

[DEOMA][Cl]

1.69 ± 0.67

0.96 ± 0.24

0.03 ± 0.010

−0.06 ± 0.016

Diethanolamine

0.48 ± 0.48

1.78 ± 0.54

−0.18 ± 0.083

0.39 ± 0.112

N,N-dimethylethanolamine

0.74 ± 0.46

0.17 ± 0.15

−0.32 ± 0.143

−1.94 ± 0.970