Table 4 Esterification reaction between FK and acid residue from palm oil refining process (0.5 M) catalyzed by different immobilized enzymes under continuous flow conditions
From: Enhanced production of fructose ester by biocatalyzed continuous flow process
Immob. Enz. | Residence Time (min) | Conversion (%) a | |
|---|---|---|---|
Toluene | MTBE | ||
Novozyme 435 | 24 | 52.39 ± 0.87 | 76.65 ± 0.98 |
8 | 44.96 ± 3.77 | 60.32 ± 2.34 | |
5.4 | 29.21 ± 3.21 | 25.27 ± 3.34 | |
Lipozyme TL IM | 24 | 90.18 ± 0.87 | 86.6 ± 0.9 |
8 | 28.8 ± 3.24 | 22.9 ± 0.82 | |
5.4 | 17.9 ± 5.43 | 17.4 ± 2.44 | |
PS Amano IM | 24 | 46.75 ± 3.4 | 62 ± 4.3 |
8 | 25.0 ± 1.21 | 34 ± 2.19 | |
5.4 | 7.98 ± 0.99 | 12 ± 1.36 | |