Carbamoylation of primary, secondary and aromatic amines by dimethyl carbonate in a flow system over solid catalysts

Sustainable Chemical Processes

Table 5 The differences between the catalytic and non-catalytic reactions

Amine	Catalyst	*Yield of carbamate[%]**	Amine conversion [%]	Selectivity towards carbamate [%]
HA	without catalyst	52.4	67.2	78.0
	TZC-3/1	68.3	83.1	82.2
	98%Fe₂O₃	63.5	77.0	82.5
diBA	-	Trace amounts	11.8	1.1
	TZC-3/1	Trace amounts	6.6	5.8
	98%Fe₂O₃	Trace amounts	23.2	1.6
Aniline	-	0	0	0
Aniline	TZC-3/1	Trace amounts

*GC-yield versus amine.
Molar ratio of amine: DMC = 2:1, WHSV = 4 g amine/1 g catalyst · h, reactant mixture pressure = 9.0 MPa, reaction temperature = 150°C. The number of replicates was 3.