Figure 2

Biodiesel conversion with clean oil using Novozym 435 + RMIM. Reactions were performed taking 0.5 g coffee oil. Ethanol was added in molar ratio 4:1 (ethanol: oil). Novozym 435 + RMIM = 3:1 (White Bars); 37.5 mg of enzyme Novozym 435 (enzyme load being 7.5% w/w of oil) and 12.5 mg of enzyme RMIM (enzyme load being 2.5% w/w of oil) was added. Novozym 435 + RMIM = 1:1(Grey Bars); 25 mg of enzyme Novozym 435 (enzyme load being 5% w/w of oil) and 25 mg of enzyme RMIM (enzyme load being 5% w/w of oil) was added. Novozym 435 + RMIM = 1:3 (Black bars); 12.5 mg of enzyme Novozym 435 (enzyme load being 2.5% w/w of oil) and 37.5 mg of enzyme RMIM (enzyme load being 7.5% w/w of oil) was added. [Reproduced from Ref [37] with permission from Chemistry Central].