Table 4 Cost of utilities and the total direct cost of heat exchangers per annum

Heat integrated

Steam: with heat integration (MEUR/a)

10

8

18

15

Water: with heat integration (MEUR/a)

0.27

0.28

0.57

0.59

Heat exchangers: with heat integration (MEUR/a)

2.41

2.04

4.32

4.12

Total cost of utilities and heat exchangers: with heat integration (MEUR/a)

13

10

23

20

Non-heat integrated

Steam: without heat integration (MEUR/a)

17

14

30

24

Water: without heat integration (MEUR/a)

1

1

1

1

Heat exchangers: without heat integration (MEUR/a)

1.25

1.29

2.54

2.05

Total cost of utilities and heat exchangers: without heat integration (MEUR/a)

19

16

34

27