Unraveling the structural characteristics of lignin in hydrothermal pretreated fibers and manufactured binderless boards from Eucalyptus grandis

Sustainable Chemical Processes

Table 2 Binderless boards prepared from hydrothermal pretreated fibers by various process conditions and the obtained internal bond (IB)

Raw material	Process conditions	Internal bond (MPa)	Reference
Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)	Hot water extraction: 60°C, 6 h	0.8	8
Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)	Hot pressing: 200°C, 10 min	0.8	8
Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.)	Streaming: 1.55 MPa, 3 min	0.5	13
	Hot pressing: 205°C, 4 min	0.5	13
Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)	Hydro-thermolysis: 180°C, 30 min	0.8	14
	Hot pressing: 180°C, 12 s	0.8	14
Cynara cardunculus	Stream explosion: 200°C, 7.5 min	0.8	17
Cynara cardunculus	Hot pressing: 210°C, 5 min	0.8	17
Oil palm trunk waste	Streaming: 120°C, 46 min	0.5	28
Oil palm trunk waste	Hot pressing: 215°C, 29 min	0.5	28
Eucalyptus grandis	Hot compressed water: 150°C, 8 h	0.5	This work
	Hot pressing: 160°C, 20 min