From: Ionic liquids as a tool for lignocellulosic biomass fractionation
Ionic liquid | Biomass | Conditions | Cellulose-rich material | Hemicellulose-rich material | Lignin-rich material | Total biomass recovery %w/w | IL recovery %w/w | Ref. | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | H2O wt% | Type | Moisture wt% | Size mm | Load % | Time h | T °C | Antisolvent | C wt% | H wt% | L wt% | O wt% | C wt% | H wt% | L wt% | O wt% | C wt% | H wt% | L wt% | O wt% | |||
[amim][Cl] | a | Rice hulls | b | 1.168-1.651 | 10 (w/w) | 4 | 90 | 40 mL H2O | 0c | - | - | - | - | 58c | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23 | - | [95] |
[amim][Cl] | a | Rice hulls | b | 1.168-1.651 | 10 (w/w) | 8 | 90 | 40 mL H2O | 2c | - | - | - | - | 56c | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16 | - | [95] |
[amim][Cl] | a | Rice hulls | b | 1.168-1.651 | 10 (w/w) | 4 | 110 | 40 mL H2O | 7c | - | - | - | - | 52c | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13 | - | [95] |
[amim][Cl] | a | Rice hulls | b | 1.168-1.651 | 10 (w/w) | 8 | 110 | 40 mL H2O | 33c | - | - | - | - | 75c | - | - | - | - | - | - | 30 | - | [95] |
[amim][Cl] | nd. | Extracted bamboo | d | nd. | 5 (w/v) | 12 | 100 | H2Oexcess | 92.02e | 7.98f | - | - | 8.53-42.75e | 56.14-87.87f | - | - | 0.12-0.49e | 0.94-2.36f | - | - | 40.26 | - | [94] |
[bmim]Cl | nd. | Sugarcane bagasse | h | 40-60 mesh | 2 (w/w) | 4 | 110 | acetone/H2O (9:1, v/v) | 92.15e | 7.26g | 4.56 | - | 16.58e | 82.44i | 3.54 | 73 | >95 | [93] | |||||
[emim][CH3COO] | < 0.3 | Corn stover | 5.0 | 4 | 9.43 wt | 3 | 140 | EtOH/IL (mol/mol) | 45.5j | 29.9k | 9.4l | 15.2 | 12.8e | 23.5m | 18.8n | 45.0 | - | - | 37.0o | 63.0 | 82.8 | 89 | [68] |
[emim][CH3COO] | a | Rice hulls | b | 1.168-1.651 | 10 (w/w) | 4 | 90 | 40 mL H2O | - | - | - | - | - | 0c | - | - | - | - | 21c | - | 11 | - | [95] |
[emim][CH3COO] | a | Rice hulls | b | 1.168-1.651 | 10 (w/w) | 8 | 90 | 40 mL H2O | - | - | - | - | - | 66c | - | - | - | - | 13c | - | 11 | - | [95] |
[emim][CH3COO] | a | Rice hulls | b | 1.168-1.651 | 10 (w/w) | 4 | 110 | 40 mL H2O | - | - | - | - | - | 40c | - | - | - | - | 47c | - | 10 | - | [95] |
[emim][CH3COO] | a | Rice hulls | b | 1.168-1.651 | 10 (w/w) | 8 | 110 | 40mL H2O | - | - | - | - | - | 29c | - | - | - | - | 100c | - | 7 | - | [95] |
[hmim][Cl] | a | Rice hulls | b | 1.168-1.651 | 10 (w/w) | 4 | 90 | 40 mL H2O | - | - | - | - | - | 0c | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | - | [95] |
[hmim][Cl] | a | Rice hulls | b | 1.168-1.651 | 10 (w/w) | 8 | 90 | 40 mL H2O | - | - | - | - | - | 54c | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | - | [95] |
[hmim][Cl] | a | Rice hulls | b | 1.168-1.651 | 10 (w/w) | 4 | 110 | 40 mL H2O | - | - | - | - | - | 63c | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17 | - | [95] |
[hmim][Cl] | a | Rice hulls | b | 1.168-1.651 | 10 (w/w) | 8 | 110 | 40 mL H2O | - | - | - | - | - | 70c | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23 | - | [95] |