From: Ionic liquids as a tool for lignocellulosic biomass fractionation
Ionic liquid | Biomass | Conditions | Regenerated biomass | Lignin extraction yield % | IL recover %w/w | Ref. | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | H2O wt% | Type | Moisture wt% | Size mm | Load % | Time h | T °C | Antisolvent | Recovery (%w/w) | C wt% | H wt% | L wt% | O wt% | |||
[amim][Cl] | a | Eucalyptus grandis | < 1 | 0.1-2 | 8 wt | 5 | 120 | H2O or MeOHexcess | 96 | 21b | - | - | - | 100 | [56] | |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOc | d | Poplar | e | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 3 | 100 | H2O | - | 49 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOc | d | Poplar | e | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 6 | 100 | H2O | - | 48 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOc | d | Poplar | e | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 15 | 100 | H2O | - | 49 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOc | d | Poplar | e | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 24 | 100 | H2O | - | 47 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[bmim][CH3COO] | 0.68 (w/w) | Maple wood flour | nd. | 0.250 | 5 (w/w) | 6 | 90 | - | - | 64f | 57g | - | - | 25 | - | [58] |
[bmim][CH3COO] | 0.68 (w/w) | Maple wood flour | nd. | 0.250 | 5 (w/w) | 12 | 90 | - | - | 74f | 65g | - | - | 35 | - | [58] |
[bmim][CH3COO] | 0.68 (w/w) | Maple wood flour | nd. | 0.250 | 5 (w/w) | 24 | 90 | - | - | 74f | 64g | - | - | 49 | - | [58] |
[bmim][CH3COO] | h | Poplar | i | ~2 | 5 (w/w) | 2 | 130 | acetoneexcess | 22.20 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [32] |
[bmim][CH3COO] | h | Poplar | i | ~2 | 5 (w/w) | 5 | 130 | acetoneexcesss | 38.70 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [32] |
[bmim][CH3COO] | h | Poplar | i | ~2 | 5 (w/w) | 12 | 130 | acetoneexcess | 85.30 | - | - | 25.08 | - | 31.90 | - | [32] |
[bmim][CH3COO]/H2O | 10 (w/w) | Maple wood flour | nd. | 0.250 | 5 (w/w) | 12 | 90 | - | - | 48f | 51g | - | - | 21-24 | - | [58] |
[bmim][CH3COO]/H2O | ~20 | Willow | 7.6 | 0.18-0.85 | 10 (w/v) | 22 | 120 | 10 mL MeOH | 71 | 36.3j | 13.9k | 19.9 | 0.7l | 46.7 | - | [53] |
[bmim][Cl] | h | Poplar | i | ~2 | 5 (w/w) | 2 | 130 | acetoneexcess | 11.8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [32] |
[bmim][Cl] | h | Poplar | i | ~2 | 5 (w/w) | 5 | 130 | acetoneexcess | 13.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [32] |
[bmim][Cl] | h | Poplar | i | ~2 | 5 (w/w) | 12 | 130 | acetoneexcess | 20.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [32] |
[bmim][HSO4]/H2O | ~20 | Willow | 7.6 | 0.18-0.85 | 10 (w/v) | 22 | 120 | 10 mL MeOH | 48.0 | 39.1j | 5.1k | 3.6 | 0.5l | 93.5 | - | [53] |
[bmim][MeOSO3] | 0.02 (w/w) | Maple wood flour | nd. | 0.250 | 5 (w/w) | 12 | 90 | - | - | 1.1f | 5.1g | - | - | 19.0 | - | [58] |
[bmim][MeOSO3]/H2O | 10 (w/w) | Maple wood flour | nd. | 0.250 | 5 (w/w) | 12 | 90 | - | - | 6.0f | 6.0g | - | - | 21-24 | - | [58] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Red Oak | m | 0.500-1.000 | 5 (w/w) | 16 | 110 | 100 mL acetone:H2O (1:1) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | [25] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Red Oak | m | 0.250-0.500 | 5 (w/w) | 16 | 110 | 100 mL acetone:H2O (1:1) | - | - | - | 15.5 | - | - | - | [25] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Red Oak | m | 0.125-0.250 | 5 (w/w) | 16 | 110 | 100 mL acetone:H2O (1:1) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | [25] |
[emim][CH3COO] | 0.09 (w/w) | Maple wood flour | nd. | 0.250 | 5 (w/w) | 6 | 90 | - | - | 59f | 45g | - | - | 26 | - | [58] |
[emim][CH3COO] | 0.09 (w/w) | Maple wood flour | nd. | 0.250 | 5 (w/w) | 12 | 90 | - | - | 65f | 56g | - | - | 32 | - | [58] |
[emim][CH3COO] | 0.09 (w/w) | Maple wood flour | nd. | 0.250 | 5 (w/w) | 24 | 90 | - | - | 70f | 64g | - | - | 37 | - | [58] |
[emim][CH3COO] | d | Maple wood flour | 5.0 | 0.25 | 33.3 (w/w) | 1 | 125 | 20 mL H2O | 82.8 | 42.5 | 18.1n | 25.8 | - | 13.5 | - | [41] |
[emim][CH3COO] | d | Poplar | 2.4 | 1-2 | 33.3 (w/w) | 1 | 125 | 20mL H2O | 87.4 | 42.5 | 18.8n | 28.5 | - | 10.1 | - | [41] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Poplar | nd. | 20-80 mesh | 5 (w/w) | 12-14 | 50 | H2O | - | 3j | 11n | 23 | - | - | - | [59] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Poplar | nd. | 20-80 mesh | 5 (w/w) | 1 | 120 | H2O | - | 29j | 10n | 25 | - | - | - | [59] |
[emim][CH3COO]/H2O | 10 (w/w) | Maple wood flour | nd. | 0.250 | 5 (w/w) | 12 | 90 | - | - | 32f | 32g | - | - | 21-24 | - | [58] |
[emim][Cl] | d | Eucalyptus | 10-15 | 2-40 | 5 (w/w) | 1 | 150 | 5 mL H2O | - | 33o | - | - | - | - | [60] | |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 25 (w/w) | 0.5 | 25 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 2.34q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 13 (w/w) | 0.5 | 25 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 3.37q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 8 (w/w) | 0.5 | 25 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 3.87q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 6 (w/w) | 0.5 | 25 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 4.02q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 5 (w/w) | 0.5 | 25 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 4.27q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 5 (w/w) | 0.5 | 25 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 4.27q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 5 (w/w) | 1 | 25 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 4.76q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 5 (w/w) | 1.5 | 25 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 5.16q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 5 (w/w) | 2 | 25 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 5.68q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 5 (w/w) | 2.5 | 25 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 5.71q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 5 (w/w) | 2 | 25 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 5.68q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 5 (w/w) | 2 | 40 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 6.36q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 5 (w/w) | 2 | 60 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 11.01q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 5 (w/w) | 2 | 80 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 12.50q | - | [61] |
[mmim][Me2PO4] | d | Rubber wood | p | 0.2 | 5 (w/w) | 2 | 100 | MeOH | - | - | - | - | - | 13.03q | - | [61] |