From: Ionic liquids as a tool for lignocellulosic biomass fractionation
Ionic liquid | Biomass | Conditions | Regenerated biomass | Lignin extraction yield % | IL recover %w/w | Ref. | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | H2O wt% | Type | Moisture wt% | Size mm | Load % | Time h | T °C | Antisolvent | Recovery (%w/w) | C wt% | H wt% | L wt% | O wt% | |||
[abim][Cl] | a | Dawn redwood | b | < 60 mesh | 15 (w/w) | 0.5 | 90 | MeOH | 97.2 | - | - | - | - | - | 97.3 | [55] |
[amim][Cl] | c | Southern pine | < 1 | 0.1-2 | 8 wt | 5 | 120 | H2O or MeOHexcess | 99 | 17d | - | - | - | 99 | [56] | |
[amim][Cl] | c | Norway spruce TMP | < 1 | 0.1-2 | 8 wt | 5 | 120 | H2O or MeOHexcess | 97 | 21d | - | - | - | 98 | [56] | |
[amim][Cl] | a | Dawn redwood | b | < 60 mesh | 15 (w/w) | 0.5 | 90 | MeOH | 98.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [55] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 3 | 100 | H2O | - | 70 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 6 | 100 | H2O | - | 76 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 15 | 100 | H2O | - | 78 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 24 | 100 | H2O | - | 71 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Catalpa | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 3 | 100 | H2O | - | 25 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Catalpa | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 6 | 100 | H2O | - | 49 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Catalpa | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 15 | 100 | H2O | - | 50 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Catalpa | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 24 | 100 | H2O | - | 56 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 3 | 100 | H2O | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 6 | 100 | H2O | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 15 | 100 | H2O | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 24 | 100 | H2O | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 0.5 | 100h | H2O | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 1 | 100h | H2O | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 2 | 100h | H2O | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 4 | 100h | H2O | 18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 1 wt | 15 | 100 | H2O | 25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 2 wt | 15 | 100 | H2O | 20 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 3 wt | 15 | 100 | H2O | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 4 wt | 15 | 100 | H2O | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 15 | 100 | H2O | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 2 | 100 | H2O | - | 76 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 2 | 100 | acetone-H2O | - | 76 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 2 | 100 | DMSO-H2O | - | 85 | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[amim][Cl]/DMSOe | f | Pine | g | 0.45-0.65 | 5 wt | 2 | 110h | H2O | 25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [34] |
[bmim][CH3COO] | f | Spruce wood | nd. | 0.295-0.833 | 5 (w/w) | 1,3,15 | 120 | 20 mL H2O | 85-97 | 47.5i | 20.4j | 28.5 | - | - | - | [57] |
[bmim][CH3COO] | f | Spruce wood | nd. | < 20 | 5 (w/w) | 1,3,15 | 120 | 20 mL H2O | 100-93 | 47.5i | 20.4j | 28.5 | - | - | - | [57] |
[bmim][CH3COO]/H2O | ~20 | Pine sapwood | 8.9 | 0.18-0.85 | 10 (w/v) | 22 | 120 | 10 mL MeOH | 87 | 40.4i | 24.7j | 21.1 | 0.6k | 30.7 | - | [53] |
[bmim][Cl] | nd. | Southern yellow pine | l | 0.25-0.50 | 5 (w/w) | 16 | 110 | 0.1 mL acetone:H2O (1:1) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | [25] |
[bmim][Cl] | nd. | Southern yellow pine | l | < 0.125 | 5 (w/w) | 16 | 110 | 100 mL acetone:H2O (1:1) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | [25] |
[bmim][HSO4]/H2O | ~20 | Pine sapwood | 8.9 | 0.18-0.85 | 10 (w/v) | 22 | 120 | 10 mL MeOH | 55.0 | 37.9i | 7.8j | 8.8 | 0.2k | 81.7 | - | [53] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Southern yellow pine | l | 0.500-1.000 | 5 (w/w) | 16 | 110 | 100 mL acetone:H2O (1:1) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | [25] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Southern yellow pine | l | 0.250-0.500 | 5 (w/w) | 16 | 110 | 100 mL acetone:H2O (1:1) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | [25] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Southern yellow pine | l | 0.125-0.250 | 5 (w/w) | 16 | 110 | 100 mL acetone:H2O (1:1) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | [25] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Southern yellow pine | l | < 0.125 | 5 (w/w) | 16 | 110 | 100 mL acetone:H2O (1:1) | 52 | 76.5 (holocellulose) | 23.5 | - | 31.4 | - | [25] | |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Southern yellow pine | l | < 0.125 | 8 (w/w) | 16 | 110 | 100 mL acetone:H2O (1:1) | - | - | - | 9.3 | - | - | - | [25] |
[emim][CH3COO] | e | Spruce wood | nd. | 0.295-0.833 | 5 (w/w) | 1,3,15 | 120 | 20 mL H2O | 86-96 | 48.3i | 20.4j | 28.1 | - | - | - | [57] |
[emim][CH3COO] | e | Spruce wood | nd. | < 20 | 5 (w/w) | 1,3,15 | 120 | 20 mL H2O | 100-89 | 48.3i | 20.4j | 28.1 | - | - | - | [57] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Compression pine wood | air-dried | 20-40 mesh | 5 (w/w) | 3 | 120 | 20 mL H2O | 89 | 30.3i | 20.8j | 39.2 | - | - | - | [30] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Compression pine wood | air-dried | 20-40 mesh | 5 (w/w) | 3 | 155 | 20 mL H2O | 68 | 34.0i | 11.4j | 51.3 | - | - | - | [30] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Opposite pine wood | air-dried | 20-40 mesh | 5 (w/w) | 3 | 120 | 20 mL H2O | 94 | 42.6i | 18.2j | 31.1 | - | - | - | [30] |
[emim][CH3COO] | nd. | Opposite pine wood | air-dried | 20-40 mesh | 5 (w/w) | 3 | 155 | 20 mL H2O | 73 | 48.8i | 11.0j | 32.3 | - | - | - | [30] |